There Is More To Creation Than Meets The Eye
Time is a concept of mankind to explain our existence in the space of our material realm. Time is not really linear and can be bent accordingly to the space-time continuum. Even in the bible a thousand years is nothing more than a day to God. The entity of God is not restricted by time because it is omnipresent.
There are two known realms of existence, the spiritual realm and our material realm. Time in the spiritual realm is of little consequence for their life is of servitude and is restricted by God. Within the material realm it is thought, that with inter dimensional travel using wormholes, one can arrive at a point in time before they left or even come back at the same age after many years of travelling. So in the scheme of things, time is irrelevant.
Creation according to Genesis in the bible is a simple explanation handed down by word of mouth for many years before it was written. It is a simple explanation for people who had little knowledge of the world around them. The creation story also gave the Hebrew people a concept of time and religion, and made the Sabbath day the focal point of both. The creation story also established calendation and the understanding of our seasons. Through calendation the Sabbath days were set according to the moon and separated by the days of the sun.
The sun and the moon are critical to life on Earth. The sun determines the days and years whilst the moon governs the night, months, seasons and festivities.
This knowledge served mankind well for thousands of years, but was lost when the Church of Rome changed calendation, (for their own religious practices), from the lunar solar calendar to the pagan, Roman Julian seven-day solar calendar. The religious practices for both the Jew and those of the Way, was changed dramatically and the Sabbath day and its true understanding was lost over time.
But creation is also about cause and effect. Everything is done for a reason, mainly about acceptance and understanding. The bible is actually a love story about the consequences of ones actions, the rejection of God and Gods love for humanity and the advent of the Messiah. God is love, and for the sake of humanity our universe was lovingly made and planet Earth was formed in the perfect spot for our habitation.
From Dust We Came
Around 400 to 700 million years after the Big Bang, 13.399 to 13.099 billion years ago (Bya), Galaxy Clusters and Superclusters started to emerge from the collapse of a giant nebula which consisted mostly of hydrogen and helium. By about 12.6 Bya these ancient galaxy clusters started to evolve into our modern Milky Way galaxy. Organised chaos prevailed.
Our Milky Way’s thin disc started to form 8.8 Bya. It is thought that the Milky Way may have collided with a smaller satellite galaxy, causing the stars in the thin disk to be shaken up and creating the thick disc, while the gas would have settled into the galactic plane and reformed the thin disc. Then by about 8 Bya, the Milky Way’s star formation rate began to decline.
Our Milky Way Galaxy formed into a typical barred spiral galaxy with a diameter between 150,000 and 200,000 light years. It is estimated to contain 100 to 400 billion stars and more than 100 billion planets. The Milky Way has several satellite galaxies and is part of the Local Group of galaxies, which forms part of the Virgo Supercluster, which is itself, a component of the Laniakea Supercluster. The distance between the local arm of our galaxy, (Milky Way) and the next arm out, the Perseus Arm, is about 6,500 light years.
The Chaotian Eon/Era is an unofficial time period used to denote the formation of our solar system and the beginning of the formation of Earth after the collision of two Proto-planets. The Chaotian Eon/Era is named after Chaos, (the primeval void in Greek mythology) and covers a time period between about 4.6 and 4.54 Bya.
Around 4.603 Bya our Solar System came about when our early Sun started to form. It is now thought that a nearby star became a supernova and the shock wave caused the solar nebula to contract and rotate. Gravity and inertia then flattened the nebula cloud into a disc perpendicular to its axis of rotation. The nebula mass then started to concentrate in the middle of the disc and heat up. Nuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium started to take place and formed our early sun as a T Tauri star. A vast disc of debris, dust and gas began to form around the early Sun.
As our T Tauri star condensed and heated more by nuclear fusion, the resulting T Tauri solar winds would have cleared out most of the material in the disc that had not already condensed and coalesced into larger bodies forming balls of rock and dust.
Violent collisions occurred. Protoplanets, asteroids and comets start to form in the Sun’s protoplanetary disc. Our Sun over time formed into a G-type main-sequence (Population I) star. It is a nearly a perfect sphere of hot plasma, with internal convective motion that generates a magnetic field via a dynamo process.
Our Sun lies close to the inner rim of the Milky Way’s Orion Arm, in the Local Interstellar Cloud or the Gould Belt at a distance of 25,000 to 28,000 light years from the Galactic Centre. The Sun is contained within the Local Bubble, (a space of rarefied hot gas), which was possibly produced by the supernova remnant Geminga or multiple supernovae in subgroup B1 of the Pleiades moving group. The Sun and our Solar System is found in the galactic habitable zone. It takes our Solar System about 225 to 250 million years, (a galactic year), to complete one orbit through the Milky Way.
The Beginning Of Earth
Our Sun has eight known planets. This includes four terrestrial planets such as Mercury (4.503 Bya), Venus (4.6 Bya), Earth (4.54 Bya) and Mars (4.6 Bya). There are also two gas giants, Jupiter (4.503 Bya) and Saturn (4.503 Bya), plus two ice giants, Uranus (4.503 Bya) and Neptune (4.503 Bya). Our Solar System also has at least five dwarf planets, an asteroid belt, numerous comets, and a large number of icy bodies, which lie beyond the orbit of Neptune.
From a violent beginning, (in a time of turmoil), our planet Earth came about. Around 4.56 Bya, Proto-planets such as Gaia (Geb or Keb) and Theia formed in the Sun’s protoplanetary disc about 150 million kilometres away from the Sun. Their atmospheres would have contained gas molecules of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and sulphur (S). And due to frequent collisions with other bodies in space there would have been extreme volcanism causing their surfaces to be molten.
Theia was a Mars sized planetoid with a mass 10% of that of Earth’s. Its orbit at first may have been stable but destabilized as Gaia (Geb or Keb) increased its mass by the accretion of more and more material. Then about 4.543 Bya, Theia impacted Gaia (Geb or Keb) with a glancing blow, colliding at slow speed and at a low oblique angle. Gaia (Geb or Keb) was not totally destroyed, but a large portion of its crust and mantle was ejected into space.
Gaia was shattered and Thea was lost. The combined debris of both Proto-planets started to reform due to gravitational force. The Solar winds would have swept the smaller and lighter hydrogen and helium molecules closer to the sun leaving the heavier elements to spiral and coalesced surrounding matter to form into a sphere.
We are now about to enter the Hadean Eon/Era, (although it isn’t formally recognized), about 4.54 Bya. (Hadeon is a reference to Hades, a Greek translation of the Hebrew word for hell). It marks the era of the formation of planet Earth and its moon. Earths surface at first was unstable due to vulcanisation but later cooled down for rock formation. But during the end of the Hadean period, the late heavy bombardment stage commenced. At the end of the Hadean Eon/Era, (about 3.8 Bya), planet Earth could settle down as the Archean Eon/Era began.
Hadean Earth
From the coalesced debris of both Gaia and Theia our Earth formed around 4.54 Bya and became the third planet from the Sun. It is thought that the impact caused Earth to reform with a changed axis and develop a large 23.5° axial tilt with a quicker rotation. The early atmosphere of Earth contained carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and sulphur (S) and almost no oxygen (O). Much of its surface was molten due to extreme volcanism and by the bombarded of material left over from the formation of the solar system.
Early Earth is thought to have grown by accretion until its interior was hot enough to melt the heavy siderophils metals. The heaviest material such iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) then began to sink to the core whilst the lighter silicate material remained on top to form a crust. This resulted in the separation of a primitive mantle and a metallic core in only 10 million years after Earth’s formation.
The heavier elements would have sunk to the centre of Earth while lighter ones rose to the surface. This separation of material not only produced the layered structure of Earth; it also set up the formation of Earth’s magnetic field due to the resultant convection currents.
Then about 4.53 Bya a very large number of moonlets, which were sent into orbit around the young Earth after the Theia impact, and other coalesced debris, (mainly from Theia), formed into our Moon. Earth’s gravitational pull caught the moon and pulled it into its current orbit.
Also, the gravitational pull of the new Moon stabilised the Earth’s fluctuating axis of rotation. It also set up the conditions in which abiogenesis occurred and allowed for the development of Earth’s seasons. The Moon is Earth’s only natural satellite and is the fifth largest natural satellite in our solar system.
Back on Earth there is no life. Temperatures are extremely hot, with frequent volcanic activity and hellish environments due to large impacts of solar debris. Earth had a very hot and dense nebular type steaming atmosphere of hydrogen, carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen (N), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and small amounts of ammonia (NH3) and methane (CH4), but no oxygen (O). As Earth developed its magnetic field, it started to deflect the solar winds giving Earth a more stable atmosphere.
Then approximately 100 million years after the Earth formed, its temperatures stabilised enough for a crust to form and survive. The atmosphere was still hot, heavy and toxic due to volcanic activity, but Earth was starting to cool down. It has been suggest that the inner core of Earth had a solid centre and was starting to become distinct from the liquid outer core.
As the solid inner core heated the outer liquid layer, stronger convection currents were produced and Earth’s magnetic field increased. This also helped to change Earths atmosphere as volcanic activity continued. The sun by now was emitting only 70% of its current power, but due to no ozone layer, ultraviolet radiation would have flooded Earths surface.
Crusted Earth
When Earth was about 40% of its present radius, its magnetic field and gravitational attraction allowed the retention of an atmosphere, which included water.
The temperature of Earth cooled dramatically within 150 million years, which allowed the formation of a solid surface crust. Further impacts of space debris caused localized melting of rock and partial differentiation due to chemical reaction with some lighter elements on the surface or releasing them to the moist atmosphere. It is thought that Zircon and water first appeared on Earth about 4.404 Bya.
The Zirconian Era, (considered to be about 4.4 to about 4.1 Bya), is defined by the occurrence of the first types of minerals and rock that formed and were sustained on Earth. Zircon is the oldest known mineral. The zircon found in the Jack Hills of Narryer Gneiss Terrane in Western Australia, (Yilgarn craton), was dated as being formed 4.404 Bya. It appears that these zircon crystals formed in the presence of liquid water, possibly an ocean.
The oldest rocks known are the faux amphibolite volcanic deposits of the Nuvvuagittuq greenstone belt in Quebec, Canada. The zircon in them is believed to be from the Hadean crust and was melted into the parent rock, they have been estimated to have formed 4.28 Bya.
An xenolith, (foreign rock), is a rock fragment that becomes enveloped in a larger rock during the latter’s development and solidification. A xenocryst is an individual foreign crystal included within an igneous body. Examples of xenocrysts are quartz crystals in a silica-deficient lava and diamonds within kimberlite diatremes.
In the Guiana shield from the Iwokrama Formation of southern Guyana, zircon cores were found and have been dated to about 4.22 Bya. These appear to be an intrusion of minerals into rock due to pressure.
No one knows for sure when the first outer crust of the planet actually formed. However, due to grains of zircon being dated to about 4.4 billion years ago a reasonable indication is given of stable continents and liquid water on the Earths surface by this time. The surface temperature at this time was probably less than 100°C (212°F). Over time nearly all of this original “Hadean” crust was subducted due to the movements of tectonic plates and only a few rocks and minerals remain from this interval.
Planetoid debris periodically collided with Earth. These incoming bodies would vaporize on impact and cause impact degassing, many volatiles were delivered and the solid matter built the crust by accretion. Volcanic activity was also intense.
Hence either hydrogen molecules or minerals on the surface of Earth would have bound any free oxygen molecules. The movement of the tectonic plates would have been affected by the impact of planetoid debris and the magnetic field of the Earth. The ice from the odd comet that impacted added water to the Earth’s surface and early oceans. All this in turn would have created a new atmosphere as the greenhouse effect was reduced.
It has been proposed that ammonia (NH3), methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen (N) and neon (Ne) were present sometime after the crust cooled, whilst volcanic out gassing added water vapour, nitrogen and additional hydrogen. All this started to form a new atmosphere.
It is also thought that the inner core of Earth had a solid centre now distinct from the liquid outer core. The inner core was now starting to freeze and grow out of the liquid outer core because Earth’s interior had gradually cooled at a rate of about 100 degrees Celsius per billion years. As the Earth cooled, clouds started to form. The resultant rain then helped create and increase the oceans of water on the surface of Earth.
As the surface of Earth continually reshaped itself over hundreds of millions of years due to tectonic plate activity, large landmasses formed continents and then broke up again, whilst others migrated across the surface of Earth. The migrating continents occasionally combined to form a supercontinent.
The tectonic plate activity also encouraged super volcanic activity, which would have caused atmosphere gas levels to oscillate widely. However, the carbon dioxide, (CO2), in the atmosphere due to lava and rock vaporization, would have been dissolved by the oceans over time. And over time Earth would begin to harbour life, the only known astronomical object to do so to date.
Bombardment Of Earth
From 4.1 to 3.8 Bya, planet Earth, our Moon and other planets in our solar system, including Mercury, Venus and Mars underwent a period of heavy asteroid and meteorite bombardment. As Earth was hit, steam escaped from the crust, volcanic activity increased, which in turn released more gases and all this completed the second atmosphere.
The numerous asteroid impacts during the Late Heavy Bombardment caused significant changes to the greater surface environment of the inner planets of our solar system, including our Earth and Moon. Comets were originally far more common in the inner parts of the solar system than they are today. Because of this they also contributed in the Late Heavy Bombardment and through the dissolving of their ice, more gases and water were added to our atmosphere.
Also additional water may have been imported by bolide collisions, probably from asteroids ejected from the outer asteroid belt under the influence of Jupiter’s gravity. Hence our oceans increased in size.
During this time our planet Earth was bombarded all over by meteorites, asteroids, comets and other foreign objects non-stop. Did these collisions spark the chemical building blocks for life?
Thermal flux from widespread hydrothermal activity may have been conducive to abiogenesis and life’s early diversification. The remains of biotic life were found in 4.1 billion-year-old rocks in Western Australia. Was this the beginning of the chemistry of life? Did the organic chemical components of the building blocks of life, (amino acids, RNA and DNA), first appear then?
As the Late Heavy Bombardment drew to a close the Archean Eon/Era began. Our sun was still fainter that it is today and planet Earth had cooled down even more.
Hence more clouds and rain occurred, the oceans expanded and soon “Vaalbara” would become Earth’s first known supercontinent. It was during the Archeon Eon/Era that the first life forms evolved. Our moon, although battered, was still in orbit around Earth and it stabilized the Earth from wobbling. Planet Earth was still tilted on its axis and the designated four seasons evolved.
The Late Heavy Bombardment helped clean out the early space debris and most of the comets today are in orbits farther away from the Sun than Neptune. Although due the mechanics of our universe and solar system, planet Earth is still being visited by the occasional meteorite, asteroid and comet.
Our Earth
Regardless how you view the creation of our planet Earth, (either through biblical creation or the evolution of our universe and solar system), planet Earth is a miraculous creation. Soon, the argument of life begins with the next stage of Earth’s development, the Archean Eon/Era.
Since God is omnipresent and not restricted by our concept of time, maybe the reality of the creation of our universe, solar system and planet Earth is a combination of both stories. Through God, nothing is impossible. The understanding of truth is up to the individual. Seek God to find the truth. The truth that you are willing to accept depends upon your knowledge and understanding at any given point of time in your life.
But one thing is for sure! You cannot deny the existence of planet Earth.