Did Our Universe Come From Nothing To Something?
Is your concept of our “Universe” limited or open to reason?
Is your universe limited to a particular sphere of activity or experience?
Honestly! If your universe is limited to you, then you need to get out more.
Engage yourself with the world around you. Go on a holiday, take a trip, go on outings or even join a social group and engage with people. You need to broaden your horizons and outlook on life.
Now! If you can get away from the city lights on a clear night, look up and gaze upon the stars. What you see in the night sky is just a drop in the bucket compared to what is really out there. Our universe is massive and in more ways than one.
Our universe is believed to be at least 10 billion light years in diameter and contains a vast number of galaxies; it has been expanding since its creation from the Big Bang about 13.799 billion years ago.
Our observable universe seems to be governed by laws of both physics and nature. The laws of nature are believed to be fixed. Chaos seems to come from strife and explosive situations. Then order comes about through nature and stabilizes the chaos. There is no doubt that our universe is of a grand design, but was it thought out and not just left to chance.
However, there is still discussion of how our universe came about and the application of both positive and negative energy in the acceleration of our universe and how they both balance each other out. Mankind has observed the sky for at least 6,000 years and has tried reason out what was observed and what role they, (the lights), played in their existence.
By Chance Or Was It Willed?
Did a photon cause it to happen? There would have been a flash of light.
Was it through the will of the Creator or just by chance?
It has been reasoned that to make a universe you need matter, energy and space. The effects of both positive and negative energy and how it affects our psychic has been thought about for years. If it affects us then it would play out in the universe, for we are one with the universe and cause and effect affects us all.
Mankind’s understanding of the observable universe flourished with Einstein’s E=MC2 and the development of String Theory. There are four forces of nature and they are electromagnetism, gravity, and the strong and weak nuclear forces. String theory allows astronomers, astrophysicists, cosmologists and physicists to unite gravity with the three other forces. String theory also allowed them to change their view of the universe.
String theory opened the mind of scientists and allowed them to postulate many other theories such as the Perturbation theory, Inflation theory and the M-theory or brane.
The inflation theory led to the Eternal inflation model and the M-theory has now led into the ekpyrotic universe scenario. The ekpyrotic model is divided into various epochs (periods of time), based upon what influences dominate, such as: the big bang, the radiation-dominated epoch, the matter-dominated epoch, the dark energy–dominated epoch, the contraction epoch and the the big crunch.
From The Void And Darkness
Cosmologists are unsure what happened before the moment of the Big Bang. But since the universe must be at least as old as the oldest things in it, the age of the universe is the time elapsed since the Big Bang. The current measurement of the age of the universe is 13.799±0.021 billion years within the Lambda-CDM concordance model.
Never the less, (according to the Big Bang theory), the universe was born as a very hot, very dense, single point in space. Space was a particle desert consisting of a gravitational singularity about the billionth the size of a nuclear particle. It was small beyond belief. At the time of the explosion the Planck epoch or Planck era began. This is the earliest stage of the Big Bang, before the time passed and was equal to the Planck time (tP), or approximately 10−43 seconds.
It has been theorized that about 10-43 seconds after the Big Bang, the Grand Unification Epoch began when the infinitesimal sized early universe cooled down to 1032 K (Kelvins). Gravity separated and began to operate on the universe. The remaining fundamental forces stabilized into the electronuclear force, also known as the Grand Unified Force or Grand Unified Theory (GUT). This supposedly was mediated by (the hypothetical) X and Y bosons, which allowed early matter at this stage to fluctuate between baryon and lepton states.
The explosion of the Big Bang created Quantum Fluctuations. Quantum fluctuation is the temporary change in the amount of energy in a point in space, which allows the creation of particle-antiparticle pairs of virtual particles.
As the amount of these virtual particles grew exponentially, (at an incredible rate), our universe doubled in size at least 90 times. This burst of expansion is known as Cosmic Inflation and this started the Inflationary Epoch.
Cosmic inflation is a theory of exponential expansion of space in the early universe. This inflation generated both Gravitational and Density Waves, which still oscillate throughout the universe. This inflationary epoch lasted from 10−36 seconds after the conjectured Big Bang singularity to sometime between 10−33 and 10−32 seconds after the singularity.
It is during the time of the Cosmic Inflation that chaos arose due to the laws of thermodynamics. It has been proposed that WIMPS, (weakly interacting massive particles), or even dark matter or dark energy may have appeared and had been the catalyst for the expansion of the singularity.
Cosmic Inflation
About 10-36 seconds the Electroweak Epoch begins. The early universe begins to cools down to 1028 K (Kelvin). Hence the Strong Nuclear Force becomes distinct from the Electroweak Force. As the Strong Force separates from the Electroweak interaction there was high enough electromagnetism for the weak interaction to remain merged into a single electroweak force.
Maybe this separation fuelled the inflation (cosmology) of the universe.
It is also thought that a wide array of exotic elementary particles resulted from the decay of X and Y bosons, which include W and Z bosons and Higgs bosons.
10-35 seconds after the Big Bang the infant universe cools further as it begins expanding outward. Its temperature drops down from 1028 to 1027 K. By now it is thought that the infant universe was almost completely smooth, with quantum variations beginning to cause slight variations in density.
10-33 seconds after the Big Bang, Space of the infant universe was subjected to inflation and it expanded by a factor of the order of 1026 over a time period of 10−33 to 10−32 seconds. The early universe was supercooled from about 1027 K down to 1022 K.
The Quark epoch began as the familiar elementary particles now formed as a soup of hot ionised gas called quark-gluon plasma. Perhaps the hypothetical components of cold dark matter, (such as axions), would have also formed at this time.
10−32 seconds after the Big Bang the Cosmic inflation came to an end.
During the inflationary epoch the early universe was filled with a dense, hot quark–gluon plasma. As the universe expanded and cooled, interactions became less energetic. However, particle interaction during this phase was energetic enough to create large numbers of exotic particles, including W and Z bosons and Higgs bosons.
Electroweak Phase Transition
When the early universe was about 10−12 seconds old, W and Z bosons ceased to be created. The remaining W and Z bosons decayed quickly, and the weak interaction became a short-range force during the quark epoch.
10-12 seconds after the Big Bang the Electroweak phase transition began and the Weak nuclear force became a short-range force as it separated from Electromagnetic force. This enabled matter particles to acquire mass and interact with the Higgs Field. The universe cools to 1015 K (Kelvin) and the temperature is still too high for quarks to coalesce into hadrons, so the quark-gluon plasma (Quark Epoch) persists. The four fundamental interactions now operate as distinct forces, i.e: electromagnetism, gravity, and the strong and weak nuclear forces of nature.
10-11 seconds after the Big Bang, Baryogenesis may have taken place with matter gaining the upper hand over anti-matter as baryon to antibaryon constituencies are established.
Protons Formed
10-6 seconds, (1 microsecond or 1us), after the Big Bang the Hadron epoch begins. As the early universe cools down to about 1010 K (Kelvin), a quark-hadron transition takes place. Quarks bind to form more complex particles, such as Hadrons. This quark confinement includes the formation of protons and neutrons (nucleons), the building blocks of atomic nuclei.
Nuclear Fusion Begins
0.01 seconds, (10 milliseconds or 10ms), after the Big Bang, Primordial Nucleosynthesis begins. Nuclear fusion begins as lithium and heavy hydrogen (deuterium) and helium nuclei form from protons and neutrons.
1 second after the Big Bang the Lepton Epoch begins. The universe cools to 109 K (Kelvin) and the hadrons and antihadrons were deemed to annihilate each other leaving behind leptons and antileptons and the possible disappearance of antiquarks. Gravity by now tries to govern the expansion of the universe and neutrinos decouple from matter creating a cosmic neutrino background.
10 seconds after the Big Bang the Photon epoch began. Most of the leptons and antileptons have annihilated each other. By now the electrons and positrons are annihilating each other. The positrons then seemed to have disappeared and a small number of unmatched electrons are left over.
The early universe is dominated by photons of radiation. Ordinary matter particles are coupled to light and radiation, while dark matter particles start building non-linear structures as dark matter halos. The early universe becomes a super-hot glowing fog, because the charged electrons and protons hinder the emission of light.
By 3 minutes after the Big Bang this period of Nuclear Fusion ends.
Light chemical elements were created within the first three minutes of the early universe’s formation. As the universe expanded, temperatures cooled and protons and neutrons collided to make deuterium, which is an isotope of hydrogen. Much of this deuterium combined to make helium. The early universe is still under pressure and oscillates making sound waves as it pushes matter outwards.
Gravitational Collapse
By 20 minutes after the Big Bang the normal matter of the early universe consisted of 75% hydrogen and 25% helium and the free electrons begin scattering light. The early universe is still cooling and the pressure is lowered.
By 70,000 years after the Big Bang, [13.798,930,000 Billion years ago (Bya)] matter dominates the early universe, but its density and temperate started to come into play. What is known as the Jeans mass, started to take effect! Gravity started to pull the matter back towards the centre of the early universe.
Over time the Jeans length had an affect. The Jeans length is the critical radius of a cloud, [typically a cloud of interstellar dust (matter)], where thermal energy, (that caused the cloud to expand), is counteracted by gravity, which causes the cloud to collapse. As the early universe cooled, its pressure lowered and triggered the onset of the gravitational collapse.
Cosmic Microwave Background
About 380,000 years after the Big Bang, (13.798,620,000 Bya), as the early universe cooled even more, the newly formed atoms of mainly hydrogen and helium with traces of lithium quickly reach their lowest energy state, (ground state), by releasing photons, (photon decoupling). Matter cooled enough for electrons to combine with nuclei to form neutral atoms. This phase of events is known as “Recombination” and the absorption of the free electrons caused the universe to become transparent. The era of Recombination lasted for about 3,000 years.
The released photons of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) created the Afterglow Light Pattern that is still detectable today in the form of CMB radiation. It is also the oldest observation that we have of our universe.
However, the era of Recombination was followed by a period of darkness before stars and other bright objects were formed. The Dark Ages lasted about 1 billion years.
What Do You Think?
This narrative compilation was formed from the works of others.
But I thought this was the best way to explain the birth of our universe. But note, we have only gone from conception to the embryo stage in the development of our universe.
Was there a master plan for life? Was it all thought out by the will of the Creator? Or was it all by chance? Did our universe come from nothing to something? Anyway! I thought it was a rather miraculous development. What do you think?